In operating systems, there are two types of kernels. There is a monolithic kernel that provides all the services the user applications need. There is also a micro kernel that is a small core set of services and other modules that perform other functions.
Linux for the most, part adopts the monolithic kernel architecture; it handles everything dealing with the hardware and system calls. This is while Windows works off a micro-kernel design. The kernel provides a small set of services and then interfaces with other executive services that provide process management, IO management, and other services. It has yet to be proved which methodology is truly the best way.
source : Linux Administration, A beginners guide, 5th edition (2009)
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